Skip to content

Whitepaper · Satoshi Nakamoto, 2008

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System

The founding document of Bitcoin — a peer-to-peer electronic cash system built on a proof-of-work chain that solves double-spending without a trusted third party.

Your browser can’t display this PDF inline.

Download Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System

Reading the original document? The PDF above is the canonical whitepaper, bundled with NodeScholar so it works offline.

Educational only, not financial or legal advice.